Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common eye condition affecting millions worldwide. It is a progressive disease that damages the macula, the part of the eye responsible for detailed central vision. There are two primary forms of AMD: dry and wet macular degeneration.
Understanding the differences between these two forms of AMD is crucial since early detection and appropriate management can help maintain and improve your vision. However, when vision occurs, NuEyes Low Vision Solutions offers low vision aids to help patients recover from vision loss.
Dry Macular Degeneration: A Gradual Unraveling
Dry macular degeneration, also known as atrophic or non-neovascular AMD, is the more common of the two types, accounting for approximately 80-90% of AMD cases. This form progresses slowly, often over several years, and has the following features:
Drusen Formation
The hallmark sign of dry AMD is the accumulation of small yellow deposits called drusen beneath the macula. While some drusen are a normal part of aging, an excessive amount can contribute to vision impairment.
Geographic Atrophy
In advanced stages, dry AMD can lead to geographic atrophy, where cells in the macula begin to degenerate. This results in the loss of central vision, impacting activities like reading and recognizing faces.
Gradual Vision Changes
Patients with dry AMD may experience a gradual blurring of central vision, difficulty recognizing faces, and challenges when reading or driving.
Wet Macular Degeneration: A Swift Onset
Wet macular degeneration, or neovascular or exudative AMD, is less common but often more severe than its dry counterpart. It is characterized by the growth of abnormal blood vessels beneath the macula, resulting in:
Choroidal Neovascularization
Abnormal blood vessels grow beneath the macula, leaking fluid and blood into the retina, which can cause rapid and severe damage to central vision.
Sudden Vision Changes
Unlike the gradual progression of dry AMD, wet AMD can cause sudden and significant changes in vision, such as the appearance of straight lines appearing wavy.
Increased Risk of Vision Loss
Wet AMD poses a higher risk of vision loss compared to dry AMD, and prompt intervention is crucial to prevent severe complications.
Treatment Approaches
While there is no cure for either form of macular degeneration, various treatments aim to manage the conditions and slow their progression:
Dry AMD
Current treatments for dry AMD focus on nutritional interventions, including supplements rich in vitamins and minerals like zinc and lutein. Regular eye exams are essential for monitoring the condition.
Wet AMD
Wet AMD treatments may involve injections of anti-VEGF drugs to inhibit the growth of abnormal blood vessels. Laser therapy, targeting and sealing leaking blood vessels, is another option.
Save Your Vision: Get Timely Intervention
If you or someone you know recognizes the above symptoms or is experiencing changes in your vision, consult Dr Hugget, our low vision eye doctor to explore the most suitable solutions.